👑 All the Rulers of Turkey (1299–2024) | Sultan of the Ottoman Empire to the Presidents of Turkey

The sultans of the Ottoman Empire, who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north to Yemen in the south and from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east. Administered at first from the city of Söğüt since before 1280 and then from the city of Bursa since 1323 or 1324, the empire&capital was moved to Adrianople (now known as Edirne in English) in 1363 following its conquest by Murad I and then to Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in 1453 following its conquest by Mehmed II. The following is a complete list of people who held the office of President of Turkey. There have been twelve heads of state since the inception of the republican period in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence. 🕗 Timecodes: 00:04 01. Osman I 00:10 02. Orhan 00:17 03. Murad I 00:24 04. Bayezid I 00:31 05. İsa Çelebi 00:38 06. Süleyman Çelebi 00:44 07. Musa Çelebi 00:51 08. Mehmed Çelebi 00:58 09. Mehmed I 01:05 10. Mustafa Çelebi 01:11 11. Murad II 01:18 12. Mehmed II 01:25 13. Murad II 01:32 14. Mehmed II 01:39 15. Bayezid II 01:45 16. Cem Sultan 01:52 17. Selim I 01:59 18. Suleiman I 02:06 19. Selim II 02:13 20. Murad III 02:19 21. Mehmed III 02:26 22. Ahmed I 02:33 23. Mustafa I 02:40 24. Osman II 02:47 25. Mustafa I 02:53 26. Murad IV 03:00 27. Ibrahim 03:07 28. Mehmed IV 03:14 29. Suleiman II...